Foil Characters in “A Doll’s House” Essay

Henrik Ibsen creates characters in A Doll’s House who change throughout the play. Ibsen’s use of foil characters helps the reader understand each individual character better. Some of the characters in the play are perceived as opposites but in fact share several similarities. Krogstad and Torvald, Christine and Nora, and Krogstad/Christine’s relationship and Torvald/Nora’s relationship are all foils to each other. Foil characters are mirror images of each other; they have similarities as well as differences. Nils Krogstad and Torvald Helmer are foils to each other. They both have children and are lawyers, even though Krogstad lost his license because he did a forgery. Krogstad did something immoral but so did Torvald; Torvald helped Nora’s father when he had done a bad thing. Torvald and Krogstad were childhood friends and now they work together at the bank. Even though they have the same professions as each other, Torvald’s position at the bank is much higher than Krogstad’s. Everyone hates Krogstad because he did an illegal act; on the other hand, everyone loves Torvald. The idea that Krogstad is the villain of the play is reinforced by the reactions that Nora displays whenever Krogstad is around. The reader eventually understands that Krogstad is a victim to circumstances; he committed forgery to help his children, not to help himself. Krogstad is hated by others for the crime he committed to help his children, yet Torvald is loved even though he committed a dishonest act to serve himself. Torvald helped Nora’s father in order to win favor with Nora and attain her as his wife. Krogstad no longer has a wife because she, Christine, left him for money. Christine Linde and Nora Helmer are greatly dissimilar but also share some comparisons. Very much like Krogstad and Torvald, Nora and Christine were childhood friends. Before their meeting in Act 1, these two women had not seen each other in nearly ten years. Christine and Nora are nearly opposites of each other; Nora has children, money, and a husband, Christine is a poor widow with no offspring. Christine is an independent woman who has been out in the world and has held multiple jobs. Nora is seen as a child who does not have knowledge of how the world works because she is trapped in a  Ã¢â‚¬Å"dollhouse†. Christine supports this idea when she calls Nora a child and says, â€Å"For you (Nora) know so little of the burdens and troubles of life.†(Act 1) When the reader learns what Nora did for Torvald, it shows that Nora is more intelligent than she seems which is a characteristic that Christine also possesses. In order for Nora to pay back the loan she took, Nora did repair work for extra money. Nora and Christine both had a sick parent who needed their help, which caused them to make a tough decision and they each chose the most important person to them. The two couples in A Doll’s House, coincidentally, are foils to each other. Society sees Nora and Torvald Helmer as a perfectly happy couple. On the other hand, Krogstad and Christine’s relationship is looked down upon because Christine seemingly left him for money. Christine elected to leave her husband, Krogstad, so she could make more money to help her brothers and her sick mother. Nora chose to help her sick husband instead of her ill father during his dying days. The Helmer’s relationship looks stronger because Nora chose her husband over her father but in fact, her decision shows how much Nora is under Torvald’s control. Christine and Krogstad truly have the better relationship because they have adult conversations and work their problems out. These two couples are fundamentally opposites of each other except for the fact that they both become separated at some point. Christine and Krogstad truly love each other because they have both been out in the real world and want to be together. The Helmer’s do not have true love because Nora has never been out of her â€Å"dollhouse† to experience the world for herself. Nora and Torvald’s relationship is more similar to father/daughter rather than husband/wife. Torvald loves Nora as more of a daughter and cares more about what others think of him rather than what she thinks. â€Å"Torvald: From now on, forget happiness. Now it’s just about saving the remains, the wreckage, the appearance.† (Act 3). Torvald is extremely selfish in his relationship with Nora; Krogstad is not selfish at all in his relationship with Christine. Christine and Krogstad are able to solve their issues together as adults. The main characters in this play have foil characters who are there to support them and help the reader understand the story. Certain characters seem to be opposites of each other while also having similarities. Krogstad and Torvald have similar jobs and families, but are also quite dissimilar. Christine and Nora were childhood friends but grew up in different worlds. The relationship between Christine and Krogstad and the Helmers’ relationship differs because Krogstad and Christine truly love each other and the Helmers do not. Even though these characters do have similarities to each other, they are almost exact opposites; they are mirror images of each other.

Intermediate accounting II Essay

The action by Coca-Cola Company and Marriott Corporation to form separate companies and transfer their debts to them is geared towards posting a good position in their financial records. Owning less than 50% of the other company makes it an associate company rather than a subsidiary. Consequently the Coca-Cola Company or Marriott Corporation world not include the associate’s accounts in their consolidated accounts, thus the debts transferred to these associate companies will not affect the groups’ consolidated accounts in a negative way. According to accounting practices the accounts of an associate company are not consolidated in the holding company’s consolidated accounts. The investment made by the holding company is reflected in its accounts as an asset. The Coca-Cola Company and the Marriott Corporation would thus post a good position in their financial records because the debt they transferred to the associate companies would not be reflected instead their investment in the associate companies is reflected thus further making their position favorable. These actions are appropriate for the Coca-Cola Company and Marriott Corporation as posting a favorable position will enable them attract investors, loan financing and increase their reputations. However, this treatment does not post a honest economic reality to the investors and customers. According to generally accepted accounting principles a company is supposed to make full disclosure of all information relevant for a third party to make informed decision about the company as explained in Investor words.com website (http://www. investorwords. com/2108/full_disclosure. html) and in Gaap handbook of policies and procedures,1999 ( Siegel,Qureshi, 1998). The Generally Accepted Accounting Principles should be amended so as the holding companies can be forced to reveal in their financial records, their share of liability held through the associate companies. This will ensure that their records post an honest economic reality of their operations.

An Analysis Of Plato And Rousseau Ideologies Theology Religion Essay

An Analysis Of Plato And Rousseau Ideologies Theology Religion Essay The general definition of education is the transmission and learning of cultural technique by a group of individuals that is able to satisfy its general needs, to protect each other against the hostility of physical and biological environment, and to work and live together peacefully. These all techniques are usually called culture, and a human society could not survive without its background of custom and culture. This concept can be applied in civil and primitive society; the primitive society is characterized by the role of education finalized to guarantee the immutability of the cultural techniques. On the other hand, in a civil society the education gives the opportunity to face new and mutable situations. At this point we can define two different forms of education: the one, which simply transmits the technique of work and behavior to maintain the natural immutability of human beings, and this concept is related to moral and religious education. The second form interests the r ole of education into a civic society. Its aim is to forge the individuals’ personalities by giving them the capacity to correct and improve their own education. This civic form of education analyzes the human being’s process of forming his own culture, and even the education becomes the aim and the goal of the entire process. For this reason, education has always been an important theme in political and social background. Since ancient age philosophers and scholars wrote about the main principles and general foundations of public and private education in a state. Famous emperors such as Charles the Great who attributed importance to the role of education into his empire, even if he was not a cultured king, considered education a relevant instrument for creating an homogeneous ruling class loyal to the empire and capable to create a unity for the formation of cultural traditions and customs. Therefore, education is a natural part of human beings’ development; it allows individuals to acquire some basic and relevant skills in attitude and mental thought that staying in animal stage they are not able to learn. The aim of this essay is to define the right definition of education in political theory field through the main and significant works of Plato and Rousseau, and to analyze its importance in the social and political common good. As it is mentioned before, both Plato and Rousseau have elaborated different ideas regarding the same topic of the role of education, the pedagogy, the formation of perfect philosopher-king and good social figure in their own conception of society. This essay wants to begin an analysis by comparing and contrasting the political and philosophical theories of there two thinkers. First of all, Plato’s Republic has defined more as an educational treatise rather than a political book (Rousseau 57); in fact, Plato’s philosophy is concentrated on ethics, he is interested in what and â€Å"how is the best to live† (Meckenzie 88). According to Plato, education is the base of the philosophical education of guardians and future citizens of the ideal city of the Politeia. Plato elaborates a new kind of education in line with the Socratic philosophy; in fact, the main speaker of dialogues in the Republic is Socrates himself, who embodies the philosophical soul and figure of which should be the skills and characteristics of the perfect philosopher-king. The conception of education in the Republic is explained through the philosophical concept of the Myth of the Cave; it is not a case that Plato decided to present education in the way of the myth. In ancient cultures, in particular in Greek culture, the myth indeed had been considered a kid of tale with a underlying meaning that through the heroic deeds of gods and semi-gods should have convey a specific learning for human beings. According to Arthur A. Krentz of Luther College in his Play and Education in Plato’s states: â₠¬Å"The Myth of the Cave is presented as a metaphor of education (paideia, 7.514a) but it may also serve as a model of the role of an educational mentor, such as Socrates. Thus we can compare Socrates to the free, philosophical wise man who reenters the nether-world of the dark caveà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ in order to attempt to rescue those who live in this shadowy worldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ã¢â‚¬  With this quotation, we can understand that Plato-Socrates wants to outline a fixed model of elite education regarding to those people who are by natural inclinations more talented to cover the role of the guardian. In the Encyclopedia of Children and Childhood in History and Society, in the paragraph of The State as an Education Entity is expressed how Plato considers Education the core of his Republic alike the research of the meaning of justice. In fact, Plato is firmly persuaded that if guardian and future children are educated through Socratic philosophical ideas, the pursuit of the Public Good bec omes the principle at the base of the just City-State. Therefore, the passage that the other spokesmen have to understand before starting the investigation of justice is â€Å"what is the best education for philosopher-kings and in what does consist it?† In the opinion of Ariel Dillon â€Å"the ability to know is always within a man-faltering, but useful only depending on whether it is focused on the truth (518e)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ anyone could be a philosopher with the right trainingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the purpose of the philosopher-kings’ education is eventually teach children how to distinguish right from wrong showing them the whole truth†. The knowledge and development process that philosophers undertake from the cave to the new world is long and difficult, but they are motivated by the inner truth that they own to achieve the common good for a just state. After the release from the cave where human beings are imprisoned and forced to see projected figures on the wa ll, philosophers start they path out of the cave; they will encounter the powerful light of the Sun and they are blinded by it, but afterwards a period of familiarization with the external world they acquire the truth and the capacity to become the real philosopher king and guardian. According to Arthur A. Krentz â€Å"the aim of the educational process is the fostering of the growth and development of the learner toward the ultimate objective of the individual’s contribution to a good society and the vision of the Good itself.† Plato has a altruistic vision of education in fact as Ariel Dillon states in her article Education in Plato’s Republic: † [the philosophers] must escape the cave, be educated in the good through philosophy (512c), and then return to the cave to rile and enlighten others (519d).

Role Of Financial Resources Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Role Of Financial Resources - Coursework Example First, interest paid for loans causes the huge outflow of funds earned from the profit. Second, increased debts’ collection turnaround starves the firm off the funds required to meet short-term obligations hence resorting to borrowing. The firm needs to reduce the collection period to be less than 30 days and increase the stock turnover to avoid holding excess inventory that might not fetch the desired profit. The firm should reduce borrowing from the bank since interests are increasing the expense. The firm needs to increase efficiency by ensuring timely collection of debts. The firm operates at the loss when production is lower. As the production and sales increases, the profit increases until it can cover the total cost fully (Baker & Powell, 2005). A meeting point between profit and total cost, the firm can break-even and manage the cost by ensuring that any increase in variable cost such as increased in labor cost, is within the desired range such that profitability is no t affected. Although it is difficult to manage the fixed cost such as legal reserve, the firm needs to ensure availability of free cash flow by reducing debts and account receivables. The firm will have to grapple with lower profits as it increases costs because the marginal benefit keeps reducing with increased interests’ expenses and stock holding cost. Due to lack of efficient operations in handling the receivable, the firm will have wait for long to receive the money from debtors, thereby hurting profitability.

Social networking and politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Social networking and politics - Essay Example Early childhood program is expanded such that all students can access to it. This will include provision of universal access to pre-kindergarten and kindergarten education background (Ishiyama 69). This will enable students to get smart and stable background of their education. Students with stable background will not be having problems in their future education. In addition, adults who dropped out of the education process can access affordable programs, which were created specifically for them to continue with their education. Collaboration was created between school and community to bring social services and education together under one roof (Stiftung 83). This strove to help students and families who are at risk. Qualified teachers should be equally distributed in all parts to bring changes in current practices affecting students who are at risk of being instructed by less qualified and inexperienced teachers. Class size limits: class size limits should be enforced and extended to allow each student to get access and receive necessary individualized attention. This will make public education the highest priority. Experts should be put in charge of curriculum as non-partisans such that they can review any substantive changes to curriculum. The reviewed changes made on curriculum should be made public by the state board. Republican Party ignored the drop out crisis and did not propose any change or action to improve it. Republican Party also proposed that effective class size limits should be eliminated (Parmelee 134). They did not see any importance of effective class size limits on students and parents. Early childhood development: they oppose early childhood development and pre-kindergarten, as they believed that parents could train their children in their early development. They urged congress to remove government-sponsored programs that

Assesment, evaluation and feedback Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Assesment, evaluation and feedback - Essay Example The essay process can be quiet expensive on time but fulfils all the functions of assessment, on the other hand, seminar presentation is time saving and can fulfill the key functions of assessment even though they do not determine the student’s final grades. There is always the possibility that the assessments do not achieve their purpose, or the suitable method for assessment is being disregarded. Exercise 1 Assessment vs. Evaluation Assessment and evaluation are two terms that in majority cases are used interchangeably to mean the same thing, but in reality both terms do not seriously mean the same thing. Assessment is a classroom inquiry procedure to supply useful feedback in development better teaching and learning. Evaluation on the other hand, is concerned with grading and evaluating students’ degree of understanding, by using various methods and measures. The main difference is the direction of feedback; for assessment feedback is from students to instructor whil e in evaluation, the feedback is from the instructor to students. Assessment has four basic principles; Reliability, Validity, Relevance & transferability, and Criterion vs. Norm referenced assessment. These principles are usually used in various practices/classes of assessment. Assessment is grouped into six classes namely: informal and formal, formal usually involves written documents while informal is more of casual and may include portfolio assessment, rubrics and observations. External and internal, internal usually set and marked by the teachers of the school while external is set by a governing body and marked by unbiased professionals, Traditional assessment, Authentic, Standardized and finally ongoing assessment. Evaluation mainly deals with combined results for the reason of grading appraising and judging. Donald Kirkpatrick is a writer that has with several books talking about training and evaluation. One of his books published in 1959 Evaluating training Programs is bein g used widely across the world. The book’s theory was later updated into the four levels of evaluation (1998). These four essential levels in an evaluation model measure; the students’ reaction towards the training, the learning in terms of capability and knowledge acquired improvement in behavior, and finally the impact of the trainee’s performance on the business. As much as these two techniques; evaluation and assessment, possess different characteristics in the normal setting it would be hard to differentiate them. Exercise 2 There are quite a number of evaluation approaches just to mention a few; public relations, experimental research, testing programs, client centered, content analysis, policy studies, connoisseur and many others. In Aesthetics, we deal with nature and appreciation of art, beauty and taste. The best approach to conduct evaluations in this field is through connoisseur as this approach is characterized by conducting vastly developed profici ency on the subject of interest. It also works towards appraising, decisively describe and illuminate an object. Another appropriate approach in this field is the client centered because in this approach, the students are encouraged to carry their own evaluations. Assessment techniques Classroom

Should The Pin-Up Photographs And Calendars Have Been Taken Down Essay - 1

Should The Pin-Up Photographs And Calendars Have Been Taken Down - Essay Example This author’s opinion is that the pin-up photographs and calendars should have been taken down. But it would have been more prudent to communicate to employees why they would be taken down. A simple reason could be that personal pin-up photographs and calendars, or any other personal poster for that matter, are not allowed in the workplace as an employer’s rule. The workplace is, after all, the employer’s property. It may also be argued that the pin-up photographs and calendars create a sexually hostile environment for women, as it did for Barbara Hill. A woman is not expected to work in a sexually hostile work environment when she takes a job where most of her co-workers are men. She has the right to work in an environment free of sexual harassment and she is entitled to work where female employees are not made uncomfortable because of their gender. These may be the very reasons why the supervisor decided to take down the pin-up photographs and calendars, as wel l as shared Barbara Hill's views regarding them. The supervisor may have believed it in his power or authority to take down the offensive materials. However, although according to Chambers, sexually suggestive or explicit photos can be used to support a hostile environment claim, he also contends that hostile environment law involves disparate treatment, not disparate impact. Funk, therefore argues that there is no judicial support for prohibiting graphic representations in the workplace as long as no gender is was made to feel inferior or treated differently.

How Customer Service earns Customer Loyalty Thesis

How Customer Service earns Customer Loyalty - Thesis Example The study would also include a section that would address the area of primary research methodology that would be used to analyze the research question. Finally the study would also contain a section that would summarize the findings of the study and finally suggest certain plausible recommendations that would help marketers of service based organizations to formulate effective strategies that helps in build long term relationships with the organizations thus fostering customer loyalty and ensuring sustainable competitive advantage for the organization in the long run in the competitive and turbulent business environment. Table of Contents How Customer Service earns Customer Loyalty 1 Abstract 2 Chapter 1: Introduction 5 Statement of Problem and Importance of Study 6 Definition of Terms 8 Customer Loyalty 8 Brand 8 Brand Equity 8 Innovations 8 Service Mix 8 Research Questions 9 Summary 9 Chapter 2: Literature Review 10 Historical Background 10 Service Delivery and Customer Loyalty 11 Measuring Customer Satisfaction 14 Distinction between Products and Services 15 Elements of Customer Loyalty 17 Service Innovations and Customer Loyalty 18 Customer Loyalty and Competitive Advantage 20 Service Mix and Customer Loyalty 21 Customer Loyalty and Brand Image 22 Summary 24 Chapter 3: Primary Research Methodology 24 Sampling 25 Data Collection Techniques 25 Research Methodology 26 Summary 27 Chapter 4: Discussion, Conclusion and Recommendations 28 Discussions 28 Conclusions 29 Recommendations 30 References 32 Chapter 1: Introduction The present age of business and consumer markets is rightly termed as the age of consumers. Business organizations in the wake of increased completion within the market are trying out new means to lure customers. It has become essential for organizations to not only attract new customer alone but to also retain the existing customers. In this event customer relationship management and consequently customer loyalty have become largely an importa nt part of the strategy formulation of business organizations. This strategy of business organizations follows from the popular thought which states that it is easier and less expensive to retain an old customer rather than acquiring a new one. Promoting customer loyalty has therefore become one of the most important elements of strategy formulation for business organizations. Customer loyalty is largely measured as an outcome of the level of customer satisfaction which is defined as â€Å"the customer’s fulfillment response to a customer experience, or some part thereof† (Buttle, 2008, p.44). Business organizations are trying out newer strategies to induce customer loyalty which includes providing loyalty cards that can be used by the customer to redeem points based on their purchases. The points can be redeemed for cash discounts or other offers which helps induce repeat purchases by the customers. Customer loyalty has gained widespread importance in the recent years with the dynamics of markets changing from a seller’s market to a buyer’s market. Promoting customer loyalty also helps an organization to get closer to its customers so as to better analyze the demands of the customers. The importance of customer loyalty can be gauged from the fact that in Europe

Compliance Standards in Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Compliance Standards in Education - Essay Example Students will be able to immediately discuss, write about, and implement material from the classroom in everyday life. Based upon a learner-centred workshop model of classroom participation, the Lesson Plan: Weather is intended to provide students with core curriculum on climate change, environmental science management, and economic and social policies. An advanced lexicon within the English language, the universality of 'Weather Speak' as part of the mediated landscape in the late-capitalist moment, makes the topic both pertinent and timely. Pervasive and highly accessible, classroom activities on weather offer ready assimilation of key concepts, while learning vocabulary and linguistic usages. Mitigation of GHG emissions toward reductions that might decrease carbon dioxide to 1990 levels stand to have long-term effects on environmental health and social foms. From atmospheric research to new models of finance, climate change as a cultural exchange is reinforcing knowledge of our surroundings in new ways never thought possible. Indeed, something as simple as Weather, is now a site for inquiries into environmental science, poetry, and urban planning. Technologies employed within the classroom are responsive to prescriptive methodologies for teaching in the 21st century. Within present pedagogical discussion on training students in the global village, requisite inputs for a well rounded curriculum are constituted not only of the traditional verbal and mathematical proficiency models, but competency building in creative dialogues based on interpretation, critique, the semantic application of visual communications. Deep engagement in visual media has brought us to a state of sophistication in image iconography and accompanying performance. The cultivation of linguistic literacy from visual and media literacy promotes rapid assimilation of concepts familiar from both a consumption and production point of view. Innovative opportunities for skill development, and introduction to secondary sources of research that are now entirely mediated, as in the utility of satellite GIS mapping in weather monitoring, would not be possible without reliance upon media communications strategies, and the attendant lexicons of Science or other disciplinary specific terms. Visual learning models also introduce an element of application within discursive contexts dedicated to intuitive intelligence, for the furtherance of student knowledge and critical inquiry. The implementation of media methods in this course is standardized throughout, and the students become

Virtual Reality Essay Example for Free

Virtual Reality Essay Virtual reality has promise for nearly every industry ranging from architecture and design to movies and entertainment, but the real industry to gain from this technology is science in general. The money that can be saved examining the probability of experiments in an artificial world before they are actually carried out could be great, and the money saved on energy could be even greater. Virtual reality is something that personally excites me because uses and benefits of it are never ending. The best example of how virtual reality can help science is that of the molecular docking experiments being done in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Scientists at the University of North Carolina have developed a system that simulated the bonding of molecules. However, instead of using complicated formulas to determine bonding energy or stick drawings, the chemist can use a high-tech head-mounted display. With this they attach their bodies to an artificial arm from the ceiling. This system is so easy to operate that children could learn to form bonds using a trial and error method. In another field, architectural designers have also found that virtual reality can be useful in visualizing what their buildings will look like when they are put together. Often, using a 2D diagram to represent a 3D home is confusing, and the people that fund large projects would like to be able to see what they are paying for before it is constructed. An example, which is fascinating, would be that of designing an elementary school. Designers could walk in the school from a childs perspective to gain insight on how high a water fountain is, or how narrow the halls are. Product designers could also use virtual reality in similar ways to test their products. NASA and other aerospace facilities are concentrating research on such things as human factors engineering, virtual prototyping of buildings and military devices, aerodynamic analysis, flight simulation, 3D data visualization, satellite position fixing, and planetary exploration simulations. Such things as virtual wind tunnels have been in development for a couple years and could save money and energy for aerospace companies. However, in the medical field researchers have been using virtual reality techniques to synthesize diagnostic images of a patients body to do predictive modeling of radiation treatment using images created by ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, and X- ray. A radiation therapist in a virtual world could view and expose a tumor at any angle and then model specific doses and configurations of radiation beams to aim at the tumor more effectively. Since radiation destroys human tissue easily, there is no allowance for error. Also, doctors could use virtual cadavers to practice rare operations which are tough to perform. This is an excellent use because one could perform the operation over and over without the worry of hurting people. However, this sort of practice may have its limitations because of the fact that it is only a virtual world. In addition, the computer user interfaces are not well enough developed and it is estimated that it will take five to ten years to develop this te chnology. Nonetheless, a company in Japan called Matsushita Electric World LTD is using virtual reality to sell their products. They employ a virtual reality research head-mounted display linked to a high-powered computer to help prospective customers design their own kitchens. Being able to see what your kitchen will look like before you actually refurnish could help you save from costly mistakes in the future. My uncle, Jan Holliday, has a virtual reality company data library . At his electronic design company, the company stores all of its data in 3D, virtual reality form on a computer. This makes the data more easily accessible by the employees of the company and they can find data in a library type setting by using virtual reality. It also makes the company information more organized and puts it in one designated area instead of spread throughout a library. The entertainment industry also stands to gain a lot from virtual reality as well. Universal Studios, among others, is developing a virtual reality amusement park which will incorporate virtual reality games and other new technology. Another virtual theme park, Atlantis Cyberspace, is opening  soon. It will incorporate entertainment with education. The virtual theme park will also use state of the art virtual reality. The park will have two player games in which players challenge each other. It will also let customers swim like dolphins, and let buyers play with virtual waterbeds and hydraulic units. As it stands, almost every industry has something to gain from virtual reality and in the years to come, it appears that the possibilities are endless. Virtual reality is both easy and fun to use, and its something that almost anybody at any age can operate.

Piezoelectric Energy Home Analysis

Piezoelectric Energy Home Analysis 1.0 Introduction In Malaysia, each house using electricity at Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB). With the use of electricity, the family in each house to do the activities and generate electrical appliances such as air conditioners, refrigerators, washing machines and others. Basically when using a lot of electricity, home users should pay a lot of bills. Some homes also have alternative energy like solar, water and wind, but it has disadvantages because of the use of solar energy they generate during the day camp only. While water and wind requires strategic places to generate electricity. Piezoelectric Energy Home more aimed at people always use a lot energy. Nornally piezoelectric energy home is a useful the future alternative energy. In the United States, China and Japan the consumer use this piezoelectric energy home as an alternative energy. At firstly, this piezoelectric is difficult owned alternative energy but in the future, people will easily get and use piezoelectric to help with the saving of energy costs and also a particularly safe environment. 1.1 Problem Statement By using the kinetic energy, consumers can reduce electricity use from Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB).  In addition, it is the best alternative energy because it will be produced day and night.  In addition, it can generate anywhere and can be used on anyone.  The kinetic energy function using the piezoelectric system [1].  It is a very easy method to tread plates, electrical energy will be generated and stored in the bank energy (battery) [3]. Bank staff will show the amount of time and energy to live and then send the electricity to electrical equipment (air conditioning) [2] is determined by the user.   1.2 Project Objective The objective of this project is to design a piezoelectric energy home with the following features: To design piezoelectric system to generate electricity from vibrations.   To apply the electrical energy produced to any electrical appliances. To evaluate the voltage produced varies with level and value. 1.3 Project Scope These following scopes are listed to ensured to ensure the project is heading the right direction and achieve the objectives: The board size is 27cm wide and 45cm long will convert the mechanical energy in electrical energy (piezoelectric system). Use the preteus 7 professional software and mikoelektromika software for C language programmers to LCD display (162) the level and value voltage at the battery charging. Can supply electrical appliances which has a capacity 100-220V 50-60Hz for example notebook adapter, hair dryer, curling iron and other things. Chapter 2 2.0 Literature Review 2.1 Overview This chapter describes the literature review which is related to this piezoelectric energy home project. Information about the piezoelectric energy home has been studied from different resources to perform this project. This chapter also carried out the whole project to gain knowledge and skills needed to complete this project. Those sources from thesis and journals will help to identify problems as well as giving ideas for analysis and decision making in this project. The technology that involved or already produced is studied. Study of the PIC, piezoelectric and other circuit used are conducted by referring the previous project that had been done. 2.2 Description of previous project system 2.2.1 Third Order Longitudinal Mode Piezoelectric ceramic transformer and its application to high-voltage power inverter Journal authors [1] pointed out that Figure 2.2.1.1 shows the structure of the in investigated piezoelectric transformer which can operate in the third order longitudinal vibration mode. Triple Stacked tranformer which elements are thin piezoelectric ceramic esare available in the transformer. The transformer has symmetrical secondary electrodes trip at the center of it and a primary electrodes at both ends of the transformer. Figure 2.2.1.1: Structure of triple-layered piezoelectric transformer operating in the third order longitudinal vibration mode. New PZT Actuator Using Piezoelectric Thin Film on Parallel Plate Structure Journals authors [2] display from the Figure 2.2.2.1 shows parallel beam structure. Square hole is mode through the rectangular solid. Then the thin parallel beam structure is constructed. Section modulus of parallel beam is decreased by square hole. Parallel beam structure has many significant features as such: Piling up the the basic structures, we can increase displacement. We can increase rigidity by changing parallel beam thickness. Tip moves in parallel at the end and stiffness to the vertical direction is large. When displacement of the tips is small, stress of the structure is big. Figure 2.2.2.1: Parallel Beam Structure 2.2.3 Vibration Active Control of Fluid Pulsation Based Piezoelectric valve In Figure 2.2.3.1 the journal author [3] describes about structure of the piezoelectric direct drive servovalve is illustrated. It mainly consists of piezoelectric stacks, sleeve, spool and displacement sensor. The annulus piezoelectric stacks, which have holes in the center at drive the spool. When voltage whose amplitudes are equivalent but inverse phases are applied in the two piezoelectric stacks is a elongates and the other simultaneously shortens. Next the spool will move to the special direction the displacement sensor in the hollow of the piezoelectric stack can measure the displacement of the spool. Figure 2.2.3.1: Schematic configuration of the piezoelectric direct drive servivalve 2.2.4 Analysis of Active Vibration Control for Piezoelectric Intelligent Structures by ANSYS and MATLAB Journals authors [4] describes the start of the piezoelctric actuator is operating vibration response containing the revocation of an object used to activate piezoelektric vibration control method. As shown in Figure 2.2.4.1 the output controller will be control the output signals to the actuators and control subjects in the under control. It also use a sensor that can see vibration of the piezoelectric plate or other structure to move the intelligent actuator controller in accordance with the output. In addition, if the actuatorâ‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s output is equal to the vibration response of the structure, least be suppressed or vibration of the structures should be controlled. Figure 2.2.1.1 : Schematic diagram of active vibration control system 2.2.5 Wireless Drive of a Piezoelectric Plate by Dipole antenna Journals authors [5] states piezoelectric plate to the electric field plate shaped transmit he live and ground electrodes are used to form a dipole antenna like structure like live and ground electrodes of the dipole antenna from the piezoelectric plate is placed in a plane perpendicular to the electrodes and equidistant. Figure 2.2.5.1 shows the mode of operation to determine the thickness of the piezoelectric wireless configuration. The material in the plates of lead zirconate titanate piezoelectricu (PZT) ceramic and poled along the thickness direction. The silver electrode on the plate at the top and bottom surfaces. Vibration the applied electricity field direction and both are parallel to the poling direction. The real power at the plate and delivers a load is measuring resistor connected across the two electrodes. Figure 2.2.2.1: Configuration of wirelessly driven piezoelectric plate operating in the thickness mode. 2.2.6 A Research on the Piezoelectric Vibration Actuator for Mobile Phone Journals authors [6] states used in the horizontal diplacement of piezoelctric vibration device. The best way to get elestic body goes through polarized piezoelectric ceramaic plate and the piezoelectric ceramic is a good structure, design and type of parallel bimorph. The piezoelectric vibration device compasition to make the piezoelectric actuator is 0.1 Pb(Ni1/3Nb1/3Sb1/3)O3 to 0.9 Pb(Ni1/3Nb1/3Sb1/3)O3. A vibration device joined piezoelectrictric ceramic two plate plates sized by 25x12x0.1mm3 and phosphor-bronzer size by 28x12x0.1mm3 to two liquid types of epoxy. Figure 2.2.6.1: Running principle. Inverter Inverter circuit serves to convert DC to AC voltage. The inverter circuit to produce a stable output as a integrated circuit CD4047. Astable multivibrator output is due to produce 4.40 RC (pulse width) and the monostable multivibrator output will be produce 2.48 RC (pulse width). After that, the signal will be go to the transistor used as amplifiers. This alows the signal to rise and generate the appropriate signals to produce a stable voltage when arrives the transformer. Battery A battery or voltaic cell is a combination of one or more electrochemical Galvanic cells which store chemical energy that can be converted into electric potential energy, creating electricity. The battery is the primary source of electrical energy. It stores chemicals, not electricity. Two different types of lead in an acid mixture react to procude an electrical pressure. This electrochemical reaction changes chemical energy to electrical energy. Chapter 3 3.0 Methodology 3.1 Introduction This chapter describes how the project developed and what methods will be used and describes the methodology and approach taken in the project. This project consists hardware designing, circuit and of software development. A number of support tools such as PICkit and USB programmer will be used to assist on software and hardware development. Research and literature review which are related must be made before starting this project. Information from similar projects, theory about the microcontroller, piezoelectric and inverter circuit that intended to be used in this project need to be studied. By doing research from the previous works, relevant idea could be generated in order to implement this project. 3.2 Project development Project development consists of two parts hardware and software designs. 3.2.1 Hardware design For hardware design, the circuit is divided into several units based on its functionality. The units are piezoelectric unit, microcontroller unit, power supply unit, inverter unit and interface unit. The piezoelectric unit function for produces mechanical power to electric power and moving the battery. The microcontroller circuit functions as the processor of this battery to show the level and value voltage in interface unit. The power supply unit, it plays major rules in distributing the power to the other unit according to the requirement of the system such as if the microcontroller unit requires 5V voltage, the power supply unit will provide 5V supply to the microcontroller unit. Finally, the electric moving the inverter unit to convert from DC to AC for user can used the electrical appliances. 3.2.2 Software development Microcontroller functions is important as a brain of this system. Microcontroller will show the level and value voltage at battery. Microcontroller build used the c language to MicroC and burning the PIC16F877A at PICkit 2 v2.55. Specifically, these are the tasks that microcontroller performs for this interface battery example level and value voltage. For this project, a familiar microcontroller will be used. 3.2.2.1 PIC microcontroller The PIC16F877A is from the PIC16 microcontroller family, with the some advantages is a high computational performance at an economical price and the addition of high endurance and Enhanced Flash Memory. Then added features include eight additional instructions that augment indirect and indexed addressing operations and the implementation of Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode for many of the standard PIC16 instructions. In addition to these features, the PIC16F877A introduces design enhancements that make power sensitive applications to project and can build microcontroller a logical device for many high-performance.The PIC16F877A make use of NanoWatt technology that incorporates a range of features that can significantly reduce power and voltage consumption during operation includes: Alternate Run Modes. Multiple Idle Modes. On the Fly Mode Switching. Lower Consumption in Key Modules . Extended Instruction Set. 3.3 Part integration After all harware and software implementation is already finish and testing, all the part need to be integrate. The hardware must place at right location then the program is load into the microcontroller in order to test whether the piezoelectric can running and function to suitable for user. 3.4 Project Block Diagram Figure 3.4.1 : Project Block Diagram Component Description Piezoelectric plate Generate the energy from mechanical power to electric power Piezo regulator The voltage regulator to support 12V DC only and moving the battery to changer. Battery Storage and supply the voltage to give the inverter circuit. PIC and LCD Display The microcontroller use C language to show level and value voltage at LCD Display. Inverter Convert from DC to AC voltage. Electric appliances Electric appliances used by the user which features the 220v supply. Table 1: Component and Description Chapter 4 4.0 Expected Result The user stepping on the floor (piezoelectric plate) it will be generate from mechanical power to electric power because the plate can happen vibration. After that, the generate of electricity, it go in the piezoelectric voltage regulator to stabilize voltage so that it entered into the battery with a constant voltage. Later the battery will be to keep the voltage and go in the inverter to convert from DC to AC voltage1 for user can used the electrical appliances. In addition, the batter also display the level and value voltage by using PIC16F877A and LCD display. Figure 4.0.1: Flow chart Piezoelectric Energy Home. Chapter 5 5.0 Conclusion The project outlines were discussed with briefly. Piezoelectric Energy Home very easily function and safe to use by user. This project is the best alternative energy in a future. Then the user can saving in a payments for use electric. In addition, this project so easier for user to see the level and value voltage stored in the battery. The voltage in this project is stability and can used on all types of electric appliances. 5.1 Reference [1] S.Kawashima1, O.Ohnishi1, H.Hakamata1, S.Tagami1, A.Fukuoka1, T.Inoue1 and S.Hirose2, Third Order Longitudinal Mode Piezoelectric ceramic transformer and its application to high-voltage power inverter, 1NEC Corporation Kawasaki 211, 2Yamagata University Yonezawa 992, Japan,2002. [2] Sato.H , Arai.F, Ishihara.H, Fukuda.T, Iwata.H, Itogawa.K, New PZT Actuator Using Piezoelectric Thin Film on Parallel Plate Structure Department Of Micro. Sys.tem Engineering nagoya University, Japan, 2002. [3] Hongmei Liu2, Pingchao Ouyang2, Yunlong Cai1, Chen Lu1, Jiahui Luan1, Vibration Active Control of Fluid Pulsation Based Piezoelectric valve, 1Department of System Engineering of Engineering Technologi Beihang University, 2501 research institute China Academy of Space Technology Haidian, Beijing, China, 2009. [4] Zhu Xiaojin, Zhao Miao, Gao Zhiyuan, Chen Zhiyan, Analysis of Active Vibration Control for Piezoelectric Intelligent Structures by ANSYS and MATLAB, School of Mechatronics Engineering and Automation Shanghai University, Shanghai, China, 2010. [5] Satyanarayan Bhuyan and Junhui Hu, Wireless Drive of a Piezoelectric Plate by Dipole antenna, School of Electrical Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 2009. [6] O.D. Kwon1, J.S. Yoo1, Y.J.Yun1, J.S. Lee3, S.H. Kang2, K.J. Lim1, A Research on the Piezoelectric Vibration Actuator for Mobile Phone, 1School of Electrical Computer Engineering, Chungbuk National University, 1I2 Gaeshin-dong, Heungduk-gu, Chongju, Korea, 2Dept. of fire prevention engineering, chungcheomg University, Korea, 3RD Center, EMD Co., Ltd., Cheonan, Korea, 2005. [7] Jing-yu Yang,Guo-ping Chen, Actuator Placement And Configuration Direction Optimation In Plate Structure Vibration Control System, Nanjing University Of Aeronautics And Astronautics , Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, 2010. [8] B. J. G. Vautier and S . 0. R. Moheimani, Avoiding Hysteresis in Vibration Control Using Piezoelectric Laminates, The School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Newcastle, Callaghan , Australia, 2003. [9] Takuro Ikeda, Fundamentals of Piezoelectricity, Oxford University, England ,2002. [10] The Jiashi, The Mechanics Of piezoelectric Structure, World scientific New York, 2006.

Should Embryonic Stem Cell Research Be Federally Funded? Essay

The possibility to cure Alzheimer, Parkinson’s, AIDS, spinal injuries, and many more diseases and conditions is received by many in the medical world with excitement and anticipation. The discoveries of embryonic stem, ES, cells in 1998 by James A. Thomson, a biologist at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, was a great breakthrough for the medical world, showing great promise in the field of stem cell research. This is because they have the capacity to become any type of cell tissue in the body. To the medical world the opportunities seems endless. However, there is a great deal of debate by some who question the moral and ethical use of ES cells, believing that life begins at fertilization. Supporters argue that we have an obligation to help others who are suffering by using ES cells, because they are consider potential life. The question is do we have the right to use ES cells for research purposes when the embryos will be grown specifically for research and destruction? A nd if so, should this research be funded by the government? First of all, what are ES cells and how can they help us? ES cells are non-specialized cells found in the human body and are capable of multiplying and creating all types of specific cells. ES cells are developed in an in vitro fertilization clinic and not in a woman’s womb, as the name seems to indicate. Because these cells have the ability to develop into any type of cell, the research potential for ES cells is very promising. If the correct genes can be turned on they could regenerate tissue cells that are incapable or too damaged to replace themselves. Or they can be used to find and correct genetic defects or degenerative diseases. ES cells offer a promising future to many people even if that f... ... Future of Medicine." The Guardian. The Guardian UK, 1 Mar. 2009. Web. 16 Jan. 2012. . Sansom, Dennis L., P.H.D. "How Much Respect do we Owe the Embryo? Limits to Embryonic Stem Cell Research." Ethics & Medicine 26.3 (2010): 161,173,131. ProQuest Research Library. Web. 13 Jan. 2012. Schechter, Jody. "Promoting Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research: A Comparison of Policies in the United States and the United Kingdom and Factors Encouraging Advancement." Texas International Law Journal 45.3 (2010): 603-29. ProQuest Research Library. Web. 13 Jan. 2012. Simon, Stephanie. "THE NATION; Stem Cell Dissent Roils States; Even Where Voters have Moved to Support the Embryonic Research, Opposition is Fierce." Los Angeles Times: A.12. Los Angeles Times; National Newspapers Core. Aug 01 2007. Web. 13 Jan. 2012

The Preconditions of Social Identity of a Small State in Transition to

The Preconditions of Social Identity of a Small State in Transition to Democracy ABSTRACT: The definition of social identity consists of two parts. First, it means protection against threats to the nation’s existence and well-being. Second, it means the search for measures and possibilities to achieve the goals of social development and improvement. Social identity implies the creation and preservation of conditions in which each citizen can develop as educated, creative and responsible persons. Today, especially for nations throughout the former Soviet Union, the chief danger to social identity lies in the adverse conditions of continued underdevelopment. It follows that for these nations, identity means first of all development. The essential condition for a small nation’s identity and survival is based on the people’s resolution to rely on themselves and to envision the potential for their own country. The modern strategy for ensuring social identity would essentially rely on the principle that every citizen is part of the national identit y, i.e., its active agent. For this reason, of central importance is the creation of equal starting possibilities (equality of opportunities) for everyone. An essential point of departure for an examination of our subject is the definition of social identity and its principal connotations. Both external and internal threats to social identity can arise, although our interest must be limited to the consideration of internal threats. Today, especially for nations throughout the former Soviet Union, the chief danger to social identity lies in the adverse conditions of continued underdevelopment. It follows that for our nation nowadays identity first of all means the development. The ... ...ording to V. Havel, "we must all behave as if we could save it". (11) Each one of us must "clean" one square metre around himself or herself. We hope that all this are the difficulties of the beginning new era. NOTES (1) Genocide of Lithuanian People (Vilnius, 1992.), p. 48. (2) Adam Biela, "Mental changes and Social Integration Perspective in Europe: Theoretical Framework and Research Strategies", Journal for Mental Changes, 1 (1995), 10. (3) Ibid, p.7. (4) John Friedmann, "rethinking Poverty: Empowerment and Citizen Rights", International Social Science Journal, 148 (1996), 169. (5) Lithuanian Human Development Report, 1996 (Vilnius, 1996). (6) Ibid., p. 25-26. (7) Ibid., p. 83. (8) Ibid., p. 61. (9) Ibid., p. 45. (10) Ibid., p. 48. (11) Vaclav Havel, Maximilian Schell, "Europe at the Fin se Siecle", Society, 32 (1995), 71.

Robert Frost :: essays research papers

Robert Frost Robert Frost (1874-1963) was one of the finest of rural New England's 20th century pastoral poets. Frost published his first books in Great Britain in the 1910s, but he soon became in his own country the most read and constantly anthologized poet. Frost was awarded the Pulitzer Prize four times. Robert Frost was born in San Francisco, California on March 26, 1874. His father, a journalist and local politician, died when Frost was eleven years old. His Scottish mother resumed her career as a schoolteacher to support her family. The family lived in Lawrence, Massachusetts, with Frost's paternal grandfather. In 1892 Frost graduated from a high school and attended Dartmouth College for a few months. Over the next ten years he held a number of jobs. In 1894 the New York Independent published Frost's poem "My Butterfly" and he had five poems privately printed. In 1895 he married a former schoolmate, Elinor White; they had six children. Frost worked as a teacher and continued to write and publish his poems in magazines. From 1897 to 1899 Frost studied at Harvard, but left without receiving a degree. He moved to Derry, New Hampshire, working there as a cobbler, farmer, and teacher at Pinkerton Academy and at the state normal school in Plymouth. In 1912 Frost sold his farm and took his wife and four young children to England. There he published his first collection of poems, â€Å"A Boy’s Will† (1913) followed by â€Å"North Boston† (1914), which gained international reputation. The collection contains some of Frost's best-known poems: "Mending Wall," "The Death of the Hired Man," "Home Burial," "After Apple-Picking," and "The Wood-Pile." After returning to the US in 1915 with his family, Frost bought a farm near Franconia, New Hampshire. He taught later at Amherst College (1916-38) and Michigan universities. In 1916 Frost was made a member of the National Institute of Arts and Letters. In the same year appeared his third collection of verse, â€Å"Mountain Interval†, which contained such poems as "The Road Not Taken," "Birches," and "The Hill Wife." Frost's images - woods, stars, houses, brooks, - are usually taken from everyday life. With his down-to-earth approach to his subjects, readers found it easy to follow the poet into deeper truths, without being burdened with pedantry. In 1920 Frost purchased a farm in South Shaftsbury, Vermont, near Middlebury College. His wife died in 1938 and he lost four of his children.

Gender Differences in Discourse Essay

The ability to communicate with our fellow human beings makes us distinct from other living beings. The chapter has made it very clear that speaking is not conversation. Conversation is a collaborative effort by both the speaker and the listener. Our success much depends on how well we can interact with people around us. It much depends upon understanding certain factors called ‘social dynamics’ in conversation. In the essay â€Å"Women Talk Too Much† Janet Holmes makes it very clear that it is a wrong notion to think that women talk more than men. She says it is an assumption based on stereotypes. On the other hand, she says that it is men who talk more. There is no proof to say that men are biologically programmed to talk more than women. It is just the social conditions that promoted the wrong notion that boys are more active than girls and they talk more. She says it is entirely disagreeable. I find quite interesting to know that it is boys who interact more in the class rooms than the girls. Then, the author claims, how it can be said that women talk more than men In the second essay of the chapter, Tony Kornheiser makes a distinction in the communication style of women and that of men. He feels that women are very particular about everything and they have more to say than men have. He makes a point saying that women do not think life is as simple as men believe it to be. A conversation that turns into a lecture is definitely boring as Deborah Tannen points out in the essay â€Å"I’ll Explain It to You†. The most frustrating experience for anyone is when a conversation turns into a lecture. I feel it is not only boring to women but also equally tedious to men. There has been much literature on gender biased language and there is a gradual change in the use of language to sound neutral. Ronald Macaulay also agrees with Janet Holmes and says that many of the notions are myth and they have no validity scientifically speaking. It is rather social conditioning that has played a key role in imparting opinions that have no basis. Clive Thompson’s essay on how computer software can identify accurately whether the writer is a man or woman is quite interesting, His questions the many of the commonly held ideas about the differences between the two sexes. (407 words) Chapter6: Media Speak. What we know about the world is from media only. Our perception of the world is influenced by the media which presents it. The billions of dollars spent on TV ads clearly indicate the power that the media enjoys. Undoubtedly, the advertisements that come on television and newspapers and magazines have tremendous influence on us. Within a span of a century there is a great change in the media. Now the world is increasingly dependent on oral media where as it was mostly written word in the beginning of the last century. With the aim of reaching more number of audiences, the quality of language used in TV news and shows has become very low. Neil Postman and Steve Powers, rightly point out that the dependence on the image has made a great shift in news making. The highly quality visuals have replaced good language with low level popular language. They argue that it is not just language but also our views and opinions about the world are getting corrupted. The general saying is â€Å"a picture is worth a thousand words† but in the present days when news is re-created or re-presented, it is equally true to say that â€Å"one word is worth a thousand pictures. † There is little doubt that the language used by the media is aimed at creating sensations to attract more audience. Then, I do believe that it is not exactly what happened i. e. news. The article ‘All the World in Pictures’ is very interesting and thought provoking. It has clearly explained how the language is used in mass media. It is aptly said that ‘Advertising is the driving force of consumer economy’. The world is filled with advertisements. Wherever there are people, there are advertisements. They appeal to all our weakness creating a world of fancy with eternal youth, power, enriched beauty, immediate happiness, and fulfillment of our inner needs. I feel the use of language in creating such emotional appeals is quite amazing. Advertising plays much on the psychology of people. A small fifteen second ad can effectively tempt the people appealing to their emotions by making fantastic appeals and promises. The article â€Å"With these Words, I can Sell You Anything† is very enlightening. It has made it clear how they twist the language to send their message effectively. It is a finely engineered language that creates strong images on the minds of audience. I have found it very exciting to know the how the advertisers play on the people with their language. (419 words) Chapter7: Censorship and Free Speech Freedom of speech is fundamental to American democracy. It enables every American to freely express his ideas, opinions and beliefs. Any limits to the freedom of speech are seen as a threat to the rights of Americans. It is interesting to note that the discussion lays emphasis on the equality in enjoying one’s rights. No man or woman has the right to hurt the feelings or sentiments of others. It is by respecting others rights that we can enjoy our rights well. The censorship is against the rights given in the constitution. However, it is required in some areas. The censorship and books, biased language and hate speech and certain limits on campus speech have lead to interesting debate. The first amendment has not only given the right to express ideas freely but it also has given the right to know others’ ideas. The censorship on books has been a much debated issue with different opinions. It is beyond my understanding why some books are banned totally and some are censored. When a book raises questions that lead to controversy and debate, it will help people to know what exactly the truth is. Banning is not the solution for it. The controversy over Harry Potter books, which have attracted millions of children all over the world, seems pointless. Censorship on books is dangerous as it blocks all new creative and original ideas. Censorship on biased language and hate speech is quite useful as it raises many questions in the practical use of language. It is very difficult and almost impossible to classify what makes a hate speech and biased language. I feel it is highly impossible to make a law in the absence of any valid principles regarding what comes under biased language and hate speech. Sometimes, the words may be good but the tone in which they are delivered could be full of hatred. Censorship on free speech on the campus has some good in it, as it reduces misunderstanding among the students who come different parts of the world. The campus is a place where tolerance is mostly needed. The rules prohibiting certain speech acts is good for the minority students. But it does not guarantee that no racist speech is ever heard on the campuses. (378 words) Chapter -8 The English Language Debate The debate whether English should be made official language of the US or not, is very interesting bringing out valid arguments on both the sides. The United States, the nation of immigrants, respects cultural differences of people coming from different countries. Respecting other languages, the US has not declared English as the official language. I find it very great quality of the American people for their respect other cultures. It shows their multi cultural tolerance and national unity. The unity of American people has come more from their like mindedness in political and social values and self respect than from having one language. The discussion on what is Standard English has made it clear how different forces work on language. Robert MacNeil has explored well what makes American English and what exactly it is. The argument for Standard English has its own merits with clear focus on clarity in thinking and what we are saying. It argues for care and caution in the use of language as it is central for identifying an individual. If a person neglects his language and uses it causally, it will not help him or her in the long run. As the author has rightly put it â€Å"casualization† everything in culture has led to casual attitude to language use as well. The ‘growing informality’ of language is one of the major concerns of linguists. The scholars and grammarians who prescribe rules on how language should be used are rightly called â€Å"Prescriptivists. † Especially, John Simon, who is called the Prince of Prescriptivists, holds the view that the present day language is poor, unhealthy and hopeless. He represents those who argue for perfect use of language as it helps you to communicate clearly what you are. It is with the use of language only that a person can show his distinction. If the distinction is lost, he or she will be among many who can not say clearly what they mean. It becomes a serious challenge. I feel there should be certain principles which can not be sacrificed in the use of language. The â€Å"Descriptivists†, on the other hand, just describe how the language is used by people. They do not dictate any rules regarding how English should be used. They are permissive and tolerate the new expressions and the informality in expressions. They argue that a language is called a living language only when it is spoken. When it is spoken it is natural to have changes in the language as no two people can pronounce the same word in the same way. They are free to allow new words into English as change the law of life and of language. It shows tolerance towards people who speak the same language with some regional differences. There are many examples when the language of the Black people is accepted by the grammarians and included in the dictionaries. It helps the language to grow and reflect the present day culture. The fears about what will happen to American English seem justified, but nobody can stop the changes that take place in society. I feel the changes in English are an indication of changes in society, and language is just reflecting the same. (534 words)

McDonald’s Faces “Millennial” Challenge Essay

McDonald’s has been around for nearly 60 years and is accustomed to dominating the fast food industry. However, McDonald’s is losing that dominance to the more modern fast-casual restaurants such as Chipotle and Panera Bread. People of ages 22-37, also known as millennials, are a major reason for the decrease of McDonald’s success because they seem to prefer the healthier and more modern option. Fast-casual restaurants big selling point is the freshness and healthiness of the food they provide. While it may be slightly more expensive than the combo-meal choices at McDonald’s, millennials seem to care more about the quality and freshness of their food over paying bottom dollar. Take a fast-casual restaurant like Chipotle, for example. Their â€Å"claim-to-fame† is that they use the freshest meat available and allow the customer to see the food they are getting before they order and eat it. Another popular characteristic of Chipotle is that there is no set menu. There is a list of ingredients which you can pick and choose from; on the contrary, McDonald’s has an extensive menu of pre-selected combo choices which doesn’t allow for much personalization from the customer. Because of this wide variety of options at fast-casual restaurants, McDonald’s is beginning to lose many of its’ â€Å"millennial† customers. Not only is McDonald’s losing customers in the United States, but they are also experiencing a sales and customer decline globally. One recent crisis in China involved the selling expired meats to customers. McDonald’s reported a sales decrease of 7.3% in the Asia/Pacific, Middle East, and African regions. Recently, McDonald’s has admitted to having and overly large menu which resulted in slow service times to customers. In conclusion, McDonald’s will need to make some necessary changes if they wish to regain the coveted business of millennials. First, they could have less preset combos and allow the customer to pick which stuff they would like to pair up. The more power that is in the customer’s hands, the happier that customer will be because they are getting exactly what they want.  Another thing that needs to happen is to become healthier and more modern. Recently, McDonald’s has incorporated wraps into their menu which is a good start. Fast-casual restaurants are appealing to most millennials because they have the healthier/fresher foods. In order for this fast food chain to survive and thrive once again, they will need to make the changes necessary to get them there.

Effects of premarital sex and early sexual relationships on teeenagers Essay

The present day unipolar system has left USA as the only super power capable of conducting or organizing political military action anywhere in the world.. However, hegemony is present in a system where there is a unipolar structure of influence to match the unipolar structure capabilities for example in the 1990s the United Nations was gradually displaced from its primary responsibility for maintaining peace and security in favour of a revitalized NATO which provided the multilateral cover for US military action in the Balkans. In the war aganst Iraq, the process was taken a step further as NATO was itself sidelined in favour of a coalition of the willing(Bull,2000;23). Politically, because all states recognize that it is in their overriding self-interest to maximize their power, that’s what Waltz says they do. To do anything else is crazy because a state without enough power is a vulnerable state. And, anyway, it is too scary for states not to try to maximize their power. For instance as China continues to expand its military spending $91.  5 billion in 2011,this only represents about one seventh of the total US defense budget(estimated to reach $663. 8 bilion by the end of the year)according to China: USA FOCUS a non profit organization based in Hong-Kong. Hence this is what Waltz calls the â€Å"security dilemma( waltz,1979:123). † He argues that when one state sees another state trying to increase its power to increase its security, it gets scared, feelsthreatened, and recognizes that it too must increase its power. But, of course, thatscares the other states, and basically there is this mad spiral in which all states are T rying to have more power than all other states. According to Waltz, this competition for power among states is not always as dangerous as it at first sounds. In the international system, every state is sovereign and this implies that sovereign states are not answerable to any higher power. When one sovereign state intervenes in another sovereign state monitoring the domestic affairs of that certain country, it shows the aspect of political hegemony. One good example is that of America which has been intervening in various sovereign states under the disguise of protecting human rights. In doing so it seems like America is becoming a police man of the world. A realist scholar Hobbes (1952) postulates that the powerful will always do what they want and the weak will always comply. In other respects politics and economy are said to have existed in two separate spheres and are not logically connected to one another. In the option of the Marxist and leftists writers on one hand politics and economics are intimately linked. The insatiable desire of capitalists for continuous accumulation has been the force behind the political endeavors in every capital economy state. According to the theory of hegemonic stability, as I am using it in this article, the creation and maintenance of an open and liberal world economy such as the one that has characterized most of the world economy since the end of World War II requires a powerful leader. This leader uses its power and influence to promote trade liberalisation and a stable international monetary system primarily in order to advance its own political and economic interests. The leader, however, can seldom coerce reluctant states to obey the rules of a liberal international economic order and must seek their co-operation. These other states co-operate with the hegemony because it is in their own economic and security interests to do so. For example, although the American hegemony played a crucial role in establishing and managing the world economy following World War 2, it did so with the strong co-operation of its Cold War. Coercion involves the study of threats and demands that encourage the adversary to either reverse its action or stop what it has been doing. Unlike Deterrence, which stresses the prevention of an attack or the use of threats by state A to dissuade its enemy, state B, from attacking, coercion consists of the use of threats by state A, or the coercer (e. g. state hegemony, NATO, UN), to reverse a n act of aggression by state B. To coerce a state, then, means to employ a range of diplomatic and military options. These may include economic/trade sanctions, blockades, embargoes, and precision air-strikes. The threat of exercising these options serves as either an inducement to the transgressor state to stop what it is doing, or as punishment for not taking the steps to comply with the coercer’s demands. Such options, therefore, reflect the costs and benefits of calculated threats, and are often referred to as ex ante demands. The ex ante mix of punishment and inducements, in this case, can either take the form of a carrot/stick or use for that approach.

Acct 301 Homework – Chapter 9

Chapter 9: E9-6, E9-11, P9-1A, P9-5A E9-6 SY Telc has recently started the manufacture of RecRobo, a three-wheeled robot that can scan a home for fires and gas leaks and then transmit this information to a mobile phone. The cost structure to manufacture 20,000 RecRobo’s is as follows. |   Ã‚  Ã‚  Cost  Ã‚  Ã‚   | Direct materials ($40 per robot)| $  800,000| Direct labor ($30 per robot)|   Ã‚  600,000| Variable overhead ($6 per robot)|   Ã‚  120,000| Allocated fixed overhead ($25 per robot)|   Ã‚  500,000 | Total| $2,020,000 | SY Telc is approached by Chen Inc. which offers to make RecRobo for $90 per unit or $1,800,000. Instructions (a) Using incremental analysis, determine whether SY Telc should accept this offer under each of the following independent assumptions. * (1) Assume that $300,000 of the fixed overhead cost can be reduced (avoided). * (2) Assume that none of the fixed overhead can be reduced (avoided). However, if the robots are purchased from Chen Inc . , SY Telc can use the released productive resources to generate additional income of $300,000. * (b) Describe the qualitative factors that might affect the decision to purchase the robots from an outside supplier. E9-11 Twyla Enterprises uses a computer to handle its sales invoices.Lately, business has been so good that it takes an extra 3 hours per night, plus every third Saturday, to keep up with the volume of sales invoices. Management is considering updating its computer with a faster model that would eliminate all of the overtime processing. | Current Machine | New Machine | Original purchase cost| $15,000| $25,000| Accumulated depreciation| $  6,000| —| Estimated annual operating costs| $24,000| $18,000| Useful life|   5 years|   5 years| If sold now, the current machine would have a salvage value of $5,000. If operated for the remainder of its useful life, the current machine would have zero salvage value.The new machine is expected to have zero salvage value a fter five years. Instructions Should the current machine be replaced? P9-1A Pro Sports Inc. manufactures basketballs for the National Basketball Association (NBA). For the first 6 months of 2008, the company reported the following operating results while operating at 90% of plant capacity and producing 112,500 units. |   Ã‚  Amount  Ã‚   | Sales| $4,500,000| Cost of goods sold|   3,600,000| Selling and administrative expenses|   Ã‚  450,000 | Net income| $  Ã‚  450,000 | Fixed costs for the period were: cost of goods sold $1,080,000, and selling and administrative expenses $225,000.In July, normally a slack manufacturing month, Pro Sports receives a special order for 10,000 basketballs at $28 each from the Italian Basketball Association (IBA). Acceptance of the order would increase variable selling and administrative expenses $0. 50 per unit because of shipping costs but would not increase fixed costs and expenses. Instructions * (a) Prepare an incremental analysis for the special order. * (b) Should Pro Sports Inc. accept the special order? Explain your answer. * (c) What is the minimum selling price on the special order to produce net income of $4. 10 per ball? (d) What nonfinancial factors should management consider in making its decision? P9-5A Lewis Manufacturing Company has four operating divisions. During the first quarter of 2008, the company reported aggregate income from operations of $176,000 and the following divisional results. | Division| |   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   |   Ã‚  Ã‚  II  Ã‚  Ã‚   |   Ã‚  III  Ã‚   |   Ã‚  IV  Ã‚   | Sales| $250,000| $200,000| $500,000| $400,000| Cost of goods sold|   200,000|   189,000|   300,000|   250,000| Selling and administrative expenses|   Ã‚  65,000 |   Ã‚  60,000 |   Ã‚  60,000 |   Ã‚  50,000 | Income (loss) from operations| $(15,000) | $(49,000) | $140,000 | $100,000 |Analysis reveals the following percentages of variable costs in each division. |   I   |    II   |   III   |   IV   | Cost of goods sold| 70%| 90%| 80%| 75%| Selling and administrative expenses| 40  | 70  | 50  | 60  | Discontinuance of any division would save 50% of the fixed costs and expenses for that division. Top management is very concerned about the unprofitable divisions (I and II). Consensus is that one or both of the divisions should be discontinued. Instructions * (a) Compute the contribution margin for Divisions I and II. (a) I $84,000 (b) Prepare an incremental analysis concerning the possible discontinuance of (1) Division I and (2) Division II. What course of action do you recommend for each division? * (c) Prepare a columnar condensed income statement for Lewis Manufacturing, assuming Division II is eliminated. Use the CVP format. Division II’s unavoidable fixed costs are allocated equally to the continuing divisions. (c) Income III $133,850 * (d) Reconcile the total income from operations ($176,000) with the total income from opera tions without Division II.

Improvement Interpersonal Communication Research Proposal

Improvement Interpersonal Communication - Research Proposal Example In recent years, some researches have been done to know the importance of bedside nursing handovers on the health of patients but there exists the need to examine the benefits and challenges of bedside nursing handovers. This study proposes to (1) identify the benefits and challenges associated with bedside nursing handovers and finding ways to overcome the challenges (2) determine the impact of patients’ involvement in preparing handover for nurses. Previous researches have been unable to get an insight into the factors that affect the preparation of handovers. Moreover, there is also less emphasis on the importance of patients’ input in the provision of best medical care to patients. The goal will be to come up with some suggestions to make improvements in the bedside nursing handovers. Moreover, the study is also aimed to encourage people to join bedside nursing profession because of its influence on the well-being of whole society. Research Question The research que stion for this research will be: ‘what are the benefits and challenges in the right implementation of bedside nursing handovers and what can be done to overcome the associated challenges’. Significance of the Problem/Issue to Nursing and Midwifery The issue of bedside nursing handover is of considerable importance in the field of nursing and midwifery. Without handover, nurses cannot guarantee flawless and safe provision of medical care to patients because oncoming nurses require pertinent information to start doing their job properly. Similarly, bedside handover also ensures the ongoing confidentiality of the medical records of patients. In midwifery, the issue of handover becomes even more critical because pregnant women need... The results of the study will determine the impact of bedside nursing handovers on the treatment process of patients. The results will also help the researcher in knowing the challenges that new nursing professionals usually face in the presentation of nursing handovers. Moreover, the use of social websites will not only promote voluntary participation but also it will save time and money of the researcher. This report makes a conclusion that the reason for why bedside nursing handovers have been an issue of concern for a long time is related directly with the associated benefits if implemented properly and perceived negative outcomes if not presented with due care. The importance of studying the challenges that nurses usually face in bedside nursing handovers cannot be neglected in any case because they play the role of hurdles in the provision of best available care to patients. This is the reason why this research will mainly be focused on the difficulties that nurses face when they communicate with other healthcare professionals for handovers, as well as when they prepare the recommendations in accordance with the information available to them from treatment charts and plan of care. Prior researches have not been able to identify such challenges, as well as the programs that need to be implemented to overcome these challenges. The results of this research will be helpful in getting a detailed insight into the challenges which will help nursing professionals and medical institutes in dealing with the issue effectively.

Population Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Population - Coursework Example Family planning programs have been increased in the 80’s with the help of the state governments. The Indian government focused more on rural areas to control the population through primary health centers. Family planning programs such as All-India Hospitals Post-partum Program at district- and sub district-level hospitals, reorganization of primary health care facilities in urban slum areas, reservation of hospital beds for tubal ligature operations, re-modeling of intrauterine device (IUD) rooms in rural family welfare centers attached to primary health care facilities, were included in the seventh â€Å"Five Year Plan† of the Indian government. â€Å"Another important family planning program is the Project for Community Action in Family Planning. Located in Karnataka, the project operates in 154 project villages and 255 control On the other hand, the Chinese traditionally prefer early marriage, early child-bearing, and large families. â€Å"Chinas current family planning policy was made to meet the needs of a special period. At present, the Chinese Family Planning Policy guidelines are as follows: 1. Controlling the rapid population growth and reducing birth defects.2. Late marriages, later births, and fewer babies; couples are encouraged to have only one child. In rural areas, the birth of a second child should be spaced 4-5 years from the first† (Li Wei-xiong) Just like India, China also has started implement family planning measures in the 1960’s onwards. China has adopted the strategies like late marriage, fewer births, and spacing of births to control the population. Fewer births were advocated - one is good, two are acceptable and three are too many. â€Å"In the early 1980s, central government advocated one child per family in urban areas. For rural area couples, one child is impractical, which causes difficulties; therefore, couples are encouraged to have a second child after a gap of around 4 years† (Li Wei-xiong).

Corporate Finance. Pharmaceutical Companies Essay

Corporate Finance. Pharmaceutical Companies - Essay Example the public is advice to adopt the changes introduced by the companies. Such measure has resulted in competition, and since then onwards the companies have attempted to topple the interests of their rival companies through proactive assessment of the market. The case of Robin Hood is similar to an individual trapped in the market complications, and these complications are emergent i.e. based upon socio-economic-political scenario. The implementation of the successful projects is essential for the development and the progress organization. The Robin Hood has been successful in the implementation of the comprehensive plans i.e. strategic drift, aimed at the performance and production enhancement, along with the incorporation of the latest technological applications into the product. The success is possible through the implementation of the result-oriented project management techniques; this requires the active and vigilant involvement and contribution of the upper management. The comprehensive strategy requires the identification of the areas which require enhancement and modification to ensure the success implementation of the project, beside the management has to quantify the project contributions. Robin Hood has to realize that he has to expand the operation of his unit, sticking to the traditional activity will never restrict the access to emerging avenues, which lead to the non-detrimental increment of funds. Robin Hood must realize that the success of the installation of the project is achievable through successful collaboration and implementation of the well-designed systems of communication. In the case of former, the coordination plays a crucial and determining role, and every success is attributed to the team efforts and the responsible authority, therefore the acknowledgement practices are widely common and practiced in this case. However, in the case of latter practice, the focus is converged on the communication techniques and their effectiveness. This is with reference to this specific case, the element of ideas and designs are paramount for the existence and survival of the unit. Robin Hood lacks experience, but has vision, not only that but he also has the ability to critically and analytical evaluate the scope of the project i.e. designing capabilities to handle for the situation. His suggestion for the imposition of taxes supports the fact that design and ideas are critical for the success than experience. Option No. 03 - Pharmaceutical Companies In the case of pharmaceutical companies, the company never has the authority to introduce a certain product on its own; rather the production of the pharmaceutical company is based upon consent of the research laboratories, followed by the market assessment. The pharmacy business is not there to facilitate the aspirations of the public through introduction of commercial products, rather the business of the pharmaceutical company is itself extremely responsible and has to driven not through forces of motivation, rather the business is accelerated through need assessment of the public. The pharmaceutical business has to fulfil the requirements of the market with the consent of the research institutions, it never has the permission to evolve the public, and make them

Culture's influence on social and developmental processes Assignment

Culture's influence on social and developmental processes - Assignment Example The particular psychological makeup of any person is the outcome of both culture transmission (nurture) and biological transmission (nature). There are different factors that combine in shaping and creating a person. These factors are cultural and biological factors. Parents are seen to be a proximal influence as the genetic composition of every person comes equally from either the biological father or mother (Berry et al., 1997). In addition, the distant relatives of an individual and the particular biological blend formed by them are substantial factors contributing to the biological uniqueness. Also, blood quantum or race may contribute to uniqueness. In conclusion, factors that contribute to the distal cultural transmissions which shape directly the person are things like cultural beliefs that regard the worth and nature of children, gender related tasks to people or assignment of a precise age. Above all, the parents are proximal influences who play a great role to the child by socializing the increasing members of culture (Berry et al., 1997). Additionally, there are a lot of indirect cultural influences which may be powerful and passive. They include; mentors, neighbors, grandparents and

Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 55

Summary - Essay Example It is argued secondly that hope is caused by merits, and therefore doesn’t qualify as a virtue. However, Aquinas contends that the occurrence of hope in itself is not based on merits but instead on the desire for happiness, which is virtuous. The last stated problem with hope being a virtue is the imperfect nature of hope, explained as a wish for something that is lacking. Aquinas states that while the desire is imperfect, hope is perfection in that it is reflective of faith in God’s rule and influence. The second article questions if eternal happiness is indeed the object of hope. Objections include denial that humans need to hope for eternal happiness since it is a constant state of the soul, examples of hope being for things other than eternal happiness, and the suggestion that hope deals with many difficulties other than eternal happiness. The replies to these issues state that eternal happiness is veiled and thus not experienced as a constant state by humans, prayers should not be for things other than eternal happiness, and all other desires should seem small in comparison to eternal happiness. In article three, Aquinas discusses the possibility of one person wishing for the eternal happiness of another. He argues that this is not possible since hopes for another person are not acts of hope at all, but are instead acts of love. Article four investigates the lawfulness of being hopeful in another person. The author’s position is that hope may be placed in a person as long as it is not believed to be virtuous hope, which is reserved for God. Discussion of the fifth article is very similar to the first. In response to arguments against the nature of hope as a theological virtue, Aquinas relates several examples that are meant to relate hope as being divinely based regardless of its superficial appearance. The distinction of hope from other theological virtues is the topic of article six. It is suggested that this

Education class for teaching profession Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Education class for teaching profession - Essay Example al understanding in learners), Perennialism in action (brings literary tradition into the consideration that how it proves to be useful for learning) and Essentialism in action(focus is on reading, writing and computation) are the four segments through which she structures the learning experience. The carefully structured debate provides with various opportunities to learn, develop and construct knowledge. The various segments have their own significances and role to play when it comes to learning. Unfolding the learner, asking their opinions, standardized tests to check that whether they have met the target needs or not, focusing on individual learner’s need and inclusion of visual imagery suggests that learning will prove to be effective and fruitful. The information that teacher gathers from students debates is that it will help the teacher to understand the student’s background information the teacher might find easy to understand the students creative understanding. It will also help the teacher in order to collect the student’s background knowledge and inculcate it into the

Phy 155 Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Phy 155 Assignment - Essay Example Another factor was the market monopoly for large computers held by IBM, which made the product only applicable to private computers. CISCO is a multinational corporation specializing in designing, manufacturing and selling network equipment. The company was started by a married couple, Sandy Lerner and Leonard Bosack , who both worked at Stanford University in computer operations (Schneider, 2010). The company managed to develop high standard routers although it faced lawsuits as some of their software were said to have been stolen from the university. The founding couple worked out of the company in 1990, when the company went public. The company went public and became the most valued companies at more than $500 billion. The company has extensively utilized acquisitions in achieving the tremendous growth it currently enjoys. Despite the acquisitions, the company captured the internet wave through production of modem access shelves and core GSR routers. Large capacity – fibre optics can transmit a large number of conversations simultaneously compared to other cables, fibre optics (up to 1million), coaxial cables (10,000 conversations, microwave radio (2000 conversations. There are approximately over 5 billion internet connection devices in the world today. The current world population is said to be about 7.2 billion people. The number of internet connection devices is expected to surpass the total world population as internet connections continue to increase. The effects of increased internet usage are expected to enhance communication and information transferring between the increased population. The increased usage and increased population is expected to increase the pressure on internet connections necessitating upgrades within short

Country blues Essay Example for Free

Country blues Essay Blues evolved from an unaccompanied vocal music and oral tradition of African-American slaves and rural blacks in to a wide variety of styles and subgenres with regional variations across United States and later Europe and Africa. The musical forms and styles arose in the same region during the nineteenth century in the southern United States The country blues has been given several names such as folk blues, rural blues, backwoods blues, or down home blues. Blues is a choral and instrumental form of composition which is based on the use of the blue notes. This style originated in the Africa – American (Black Americans) communities of the United States. This kind of music transverse wide range of emotions and musical style . feeling blue is expressed in songs whose verses laments injustice or express longing for better life lost loves, jobs, and money. The central concept of blues performance is to be able to enable one to overcome sadness and lose the blues. Historically, the blues’ popularity coincides with the rise of the commercial recording industry, the introduction of race records aimed at black record –buyers after the year 1920, and the emigration of the black- Americans from the rural south to the modern urban North. (Philip, 1999) The country blues is usually considered to be an earlier form of the genre was first record in the mid-1920s . to day, there are several regional styles of country blues, which includes delta blues from the Mississippi delta. Texas blues and piedmont blues from the southeast . originally, country blues was usually recorded by a single singer, accompanied on the guitar or piano, with perhaps an accompanying harmonica, simple percussion. Starting year of 1930s, blues musicians fell under the influence of the urban cultures thus including the music and jazz. After the Second World War, the instruments were improvised hence electrified one were now in use . these included saxophones and amplified harmonicas. Especially in Chicago which is a prominent centre of blues recording Country blues were constructed from a much more diverse fluid musical field participated in by black and some white people. The use of blue notes and the performance of call-and response pattern in the music and lyrics art h indicators of African influences. The blues influenced the Americans and westerns popular music and then become integrated n to the genre of jazz, bluegrass, rhythm and blues, rock and roll, hip- hop and other popular music form. There are a few characteristics common to all blues due to the integration of other forms of music . some of the characteristic that were present long before the creation of the modern blues are cal –and response shouts which were functional expression. This was heard in slave fields shout sand holler, expanded into simple solo song laden with emotional content. The blues is nowadays known and seen musical style for both Europeans harmonic structure and the West Africa. Call-and responds tradition, transformed into interplay of voice and guitar. (Philip, 1999) The diddled bow ,which is a homemade one- stringed instrument was found in parts of America south in the early twenties century and Are African derived instrument that has assisted in the transferring of African performance techniques into the early blues instrumental vocabulary. also in the continued development of the blues music ,they adopted elements from Ethiopian and negro, including instrumental and harmonic accompaniment . he blues were loosely relate to ragtime but they preserved better the original melodic pattern of African music. ’ blues songs nowadays show many different structures which are based on tonic dominant chords and subdominant chords. These are all common in music the standard 12-bars is now recognized and documented form of blues from oral history and sheet music in African American communities through region along the lower Mississippi river. Original lyric form if blues was a single line repeated four times. The current most common structure is the repetition off one line once and this is followed by a single line conclusion. Early blues often were in the form of lose narrative where the singer expressed his or her personal woes in a world of harsh reality like a lost love, the cruelty of police officers, oppression at the hands of white folk, and hard times therefore the most oldest blues are records of gritty realistic information’s as it is in contrast with much popular music recorded at the time. Studies shows that the origin of blues spirituals was inside the exposure of slaves to their whites hence gospels origination. (Tony, 2004) The development of the blues was also triggered by the acculturation of the ex-slave population there was however ,essential africannesss in many aspects of the blues expression the social economic reasons for the appearance of the blues is that there was a transition from the slavery to sharecropping ,small-scale agricultural production and the blues have acted as a source of encouragement to them through the relief of third burdens through the interest that other communities have development, they get encourage to be the pioneers of impacting and framed kid f music thus they used in themes way in advertisements. The early 1900s development from group performance to more individualized style was associated with the newly acquired freedom of the enslaved people and again there was, according to Lawrence, there was a direct relationship between the national ideological emphases upon the individual teaching. Such developments were increased due to high perfumers had brought African-American music to new audiences both within the u. s and abroad. Great performers’ in19960s like John Lee Hooker continued to perform at enthusiastic audiences thus inspiring new artists in the traditional blues. Many compilations of classical prewar blues were published and together with music festivals, these brought blues to new audiences. White audiences’ interest in the blues also increased due to Chicago based movement in 1980s, blues to The resent both traditional and new genres are still being popular blue styles forms ,melodies and the blues scale have given a profound impact to the black community and the world ethnic groups as whole . First, these blue musical styles, forms and melodies have influenced many other genres of music. their scale has been everywhere in the popular music forms and informs many modal frames especially the ladder of the thirds used in the music . blues are also used by the community to pass their message to oppressors which I believed has lead the release of slave and the total banning of slavery and racism in the United State. (Davis, 1995) The most important direct predecessor of the blues was the spiritual, a form of religious song with its roots in the camp meeting of the great awakening of the early 19th century. So blues songs Spirituals were passionate song forms, which convey to listeners the same feeling of rootless ness and misery as the blues. This acts as a reminder of there past historical events hence their pasts grieves, . i. e. , Spirituals, however, were less specifically concerning the performer, instead about the general loneliness of mankind, and were more figurative than direct in their lyrics. Despite the earlier differences of the African- Americans and the Americans races have been brought together to interact by the interesting blues music. Blues have played important role of bring unity between the two enemies. The blues form styles acts as way of maintaining the vulture of Africans. This is evidence from the past records which still are much thrilling to many musicians. Though the different forms of blues are similar enough that they can not be easily separated many spirituals would probably have been called blues had that word been in wide use at the time. The social and economic reasons for the appearance of the blues are also important factors. This is because they brought a change in the economic development through the emergence of publishing industry. Blues has evolved from an unaccompanied vocal. Music of poor black laborers into a wide variety of styles and subgenres, with regional variations across the United States and this has been commercialized. (Davis, 1995) References Davis, F. (1995): the History of the Blues. New York: Hyperion Garofalo, R. (1997): Rockin Out: Popular Music in the USA. Allyn Bacon Lawrence W. L. (1977): Black Culture and Black Consciousness: Afro-American Folk Thought from Slavery to Freedom, Oxford University Press Philip, V. B. (1999): Immigrant, folk, and regional music in the twentieth century, in The Cambridge History of American Music, ed. David Nicholls Cambridge University Press Tony, B. (2004): Afro-Blue: Improvisations in African American Poetry and Culture University of Illinois Press